That one difference is why a heat pump delivers up to 30 BTU of heat for every watt it draws — even below freezing.
A heat pump is a refrigerator run in reverse: it uses refrigerant and a compressor to gather heat that already exists in the outdoor air and release it inside. Because it relocates heat rather than creating it by burning fuel, it delivers several times more heat energy than the electricity it uses.
Even at 5°F, air holds usable heat. Cold refrigerant in the outdoor unit is colder still, so heat flows into it.
Compressing the refrigerant raises its temperature sharply — turning a little warmth into plenty.
Hot refrigerant passes through the indoor head, a fan blows across it, and warm air fills the room.
Flip it and the same system pulls heat out of your home — air conditioning from one unit.
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (version 2) is the current, stricter standard for seasonal heating efficiency. Higher is better; cold-climate units hold up in Maine winters.
Heat delivered per unit of electricity. Top cold-climate units reach up to 30 BTU/watt — several times what any fuel furnace can do.
Coefficient of performance. A COP of 3 means three units of heat per unit of electricity — the everyday way of saying "300% efficient."
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